Water Rising Experiment & State of Matter - Hurumanu 4

Hi, guys today I will be sharing what I have been doing for science. We are learning about matter and heating. Matter is everything around us- including us! It is anything that has a mass or takes up space. Matter is made up of tiny particles. These tiny particles are arranged into either a solid, liquid or gas state. There are actually five states of matter solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). 

States of MATTER: 

Solids meaning packed particles that aren't free to move around usually retained in shapes. Liquid meaning tiny vibrating particles are known as atoms (Is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element). A liquid can flow and take the shape of a container. Many liquids resist compression. Gases meaning no fixed shape and no fixed volume. There at many spaces between particles, for example, Water Vapour, Helium, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen. We can change between the states by either heating or cooling it down.

HEATING AND COOLING:

Deposition meaning a process when the gas turns into a solid-state without going through the liquid state. Water vapour changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid. This is how frost is made, when frost forms on a leaf it's called deposition. 

Sublimation meaning a solid becoming a gas, for example, dry ice which is the frozen form of Cardon Dioxide. When the dry ice gets exposed to air, it starts to change from its solid state to its gas state, visible fog. 

Evaporation meaning is a liquid turning to a gas state. For instance, drying your clothes in the sun is the process of evaporation. Evaporation is also in the rain cycle it is used when water evaporates from the ocean then condensation builds to make it rain.   

Condensation meaning a process when a gas turns to liquid. Take for example the rain cycle, when water is evaporated into gas it then condensates which mean turn into droplets of water. When conditions are just right, it’s possible to see your own breath in the form of condensation.  

Freezing meaning below 0°C, you can freeze water then it turns to ice. Melting meaning heating a solid to the point where it turns to liquid. For example, if your melt ice you will get water which is its liquid form.

Convection is when heat transferred by the movement of a liquid or gas. Convection comes into play while boiling water. What happens is that the cold water at the bottom heats up from the energy from the burner, and rises up. As the hot water rises, the cold water rushes in to replace it, which results in motion circularly.

Conduction is when heat passes on heat through a material. These are both used in experiments. You can warm your back muscles with a heating pad. As the pad heats up, it transfers heat to the part of your body that it is in contact with. The heat from a hot liquid makes the cup itself hot. If you grab a cup that has hot coffee, tea or broth in it, the cup itself will be hot and your hands will feel it.

 

EXPERIMENT TIME:  

Aim: To see what happens to the water level when the candle is covered. 

Hypothesis: I think that the water will rise and up when covering it with a cup.

Materials: 

• A Petri Dish
• A candle
• A clear glass cup that is taller than the candle
• Water
• Lighter

Instructions: 

1. Put our candle in our Petri dish. 
2. Pour some water below the candle. 
3. With the matches, light the candle.
4. Cover the candle with a glass cup. 
5. Watch what happens! If you want, you can add food colouring into the water to make the experiment more visible.

Results: When lighting a candle one of the main things a candle need is an oxygen. If we limit the oxygen to a cup the candle will run out of air and will try to suck it from the bottom. That's when the water starts rising because we filled the petri dish with water. When the candle is lighted the air is hot and high in pressure. When the air is cold the pressure is low.

Conclusion/Why: The flames consume all the oxygen.

Hot Air Cold Air

"High Pressure" "Low Pressure"